Batiaghata Upazila, Khulna District in south-west coastal region of Bangladesh is the mostly saline affected area, where agriculture activities are mainly dependent on rainfall.23 water samples from surface water and shallow tube well (STW) were collected in the MONSOON SEASON and analyzed for physico-chemical properties to classify them according to salinity hazard. Electrical Conductivity (EC) of both surface and groundwater samples were slightly higher than that of acceptable limit (<700 mS/cm). The cations were in permissible limit with the trend of Na+>Ca2+>Mg2+>K+ in both surface and groundwater while the anions trend in both surface and groundwater of the study area were Cl->SO4 2->PO4 3-. EC and TDS showed high positive correlation with Na+, K+ and Ca2+ with Cl- as confirmed from Correlation Matrix and Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Most of the STW water samples compared to the surface water had higher Soluble Sodium Percentage (SSP) values while Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR) indicated the surface water and ground water with low sodium hazard. The Kelly’s ratio of STW water is more subjected to sodium hazard compared to surface water in the study area.

Water samples have been collected from a part of Surma River along different points and analyzed for various water quality parameters during dry and MONSOON periods. Effects of industrial wastes, municipal sewage, and agricultural runoff on river water quality have been investigated. The study was conducted within the Chattak to Sunamganj portion of Surma River, which is significant due to the presence of two major industries-a paper mill and a cement factory. The other significant feature is the conveyors that travel from India to Chattak. This study involves determination of physical, biological and chemical parameters of surface water at different points. The river was found to be highly turbid in the MONSOON SEASON. But BOD and fecal coliform concentration was found higher in the dry SEASON. The water was found slightly acidic. The mean values of parameters were Conductivity 84-805μs; DO: dry-5.52 mg/L, MONSOON-5.72 mg/L; BOD: dry-1 mg/L, MONSOON-0.878 mg/L; Total Solid: dry-149.4 mg/L, MONSOON-145.7 mg/L. A model study was also conducted and values of different model parameters were estimated.

Excavations in Tepe Barveh were conducted with the aim to shed further light on the period of painted Bronze Age wares and to refine the existing chronology for the Lesser Zab Basin in the first half of the 3rd millennium BC. Thanks to its location in the upper valley of the Lesser Zab, the Barveh region served as a natural pathway for interaction between the Zagros foothills zones with the Rania and Peshdar Plain in Sulaimaniyah province in Iraqi Kurdistan, and the southern basin of Lake Urmia. By its overlapping Bronze Age sequence, the site offers a strong potential to fill the existing gap of information for the Early Bronze Age occupation in northwestern Iran. A foremost purpose of this paper is to situate Barveh within northwestern Iran, and to explore intra- and inter-regional interactions. The stratified occurrence of Painted Orange Ware (POW) is helpful to establish a sequence for the region and to fill the existing lacuna. EBA sites in northwestern Iran beyond the Kura Araxes zone remain understudied, and few sites offer deposits of considerable depth. The Early Bronze Age is generally associated with the burnished black pottery, while the orange pottery, a coeval and equally important cultural hallmark, has attracted less attention and remains a little known tradition. Hence, in light of the material culture excavated at Barveh, this paper seeks to gain an insight into the ways in which Tepe Barveh interacted with other regions dominated by the orange pottery culture. The ca. 8-meter deep EBA deposit at Barveh built up over c. 300 years and represents this period of POW in an uninterrupted sequence, attesting to cultural continuity over an extended period of time. The culture shows parallels with EBA sites in the southern Urmia Lake Basin and in the Rania and Peshdar plains in Iraqi Kurdistan

The aim of this paper was to study MONSOON effects on polychaetes population structure in subtidal area based on some biodiversity indices. Sediments sampling was carried out by grab van-veen from 12 subtidal stations in three time periods (pre-MONSOON, MONSOON and post-MONSOON). The physical and chemical parameters were also recorded. Mean density of polychaetes were recorded 1101.2±614.3 ind/m2 (pre-MONSOON), 428.9±316.2 ind/m2 (MONSOON) and 588.8±313.3 ind/m2 (post-MONSOON). Shanon diversity indices were 2.08, 1.63, 1.83 respectively. The Hill indices was reversed and showed highest number in MONSOON SEASON and minimum number in pre-MONSOON. These results represented non-uniform polycheates distribution during pre-MONSOON. Cluster analysis of each SEASON showed that deep stations were in separate disturbances. During the summer MONSOON, variations in environmental factors and bottom distractions affected the density and diversity of polychaetes and as a stressor reduced the diversity and density during the MONSOON.

Biodiversity and community structure of macro fauna of the intertidal sandy beach at Chabahar Bay were studied for a period of ten months in 2007. A total of 32 species were observed and identified in this study so that polychaete with 16 species was numerically dominant. The results showed changing densities were influenced by MONSOON SEASON so that maximum density (1935.47 ind/m2) was observed at pre-MONSOON while minimum (181 ind/m2) was obtained at MONSOON. The highest and lowest value of diversity and richness indices were obtained at pre-MONSOON and during MONSOON, respectively. Also, multivariate analysis separated MONSOON SEASON from pre and post MONSOON clearly. Our results show that MONSOON can be the most important factor on biodiversity and community structure of macro fauna at Chabahar Bay and intertidal of this bay have not favorable environment for macro fauna development.